I suggest caution when deciding if a student needs, or does not need, TVI services. If the student is on an academic track and has CVI, be it diagnosed or undiagnosed, the profile can be very murky and go far beyond optometric concerns. In my experience, such students need a transdisciplinary assessment that would include a combined report that examines all visually-guided movements (eye, hand, feet), communication, social interaction, spatial orientation, and much more. This does NOT mean the TVI is responsible for being an expert in all these areas. Rather, it might mean the TVI encourages the varying disciplines to examine with CVI in mind as a possibility. The purpose is (a) to rule out benchmarks for CVI or (b) to highlight benchmarks that might place that student as being at risk for this very difficult-to-understand brain-based visual impairment. CVI becomes even more difficult to understand when discussing students who are in academic programs but not doing as well as might be expected. Some might have all the optometric concerns listed in the varying postings - on a neurological level. And, yes, this might mean that case loads may "explode"!! Mary Morse, Ph.D. NH